Cave of Crystals (Mexico): world's largest known natural crystals
Known as "the Sistine Chapel of crystals," Mexico's Cueva de los
Cristales (Cave of Crystals) contains some of the world's largest known
natural crystals—translucent beams of gypsum as long as 36 feet (11
meters). The cave is 950 feet (290 meters) underground. The Naica mining
complex, which yields lead, zinc, copper, silver, and gold, zigzags
nearly half a mile underground (760 meters). Deep inside Naica mountain,
the Cave of Crystals is a horseshoe-shaped cavity in limestone rock
about 30 feet (10 meters) wide and 90 feet (30 meters) long.
Volcanic activity that began about 26 million years ago created Naica
mountain and filled it with high-temperature anhydrite gypsum. When
magma underneath the mountain cooled and the temperature dropped, the
anhydrite began to dissolve. The anhydrite slowly enriched the waters
with sulfate and calcium molecules, which for millions of years have
been deposited in the caves in the form of huge selenite gypsum
crystals.
Majlis al Jinn Cave (Oman): world's second largest cave chamber
Majlis al Jinn is the second largest cave chamber in the world. It is
located in a remote area of the Selma Plateau at around 1600 meters
altitude in The Sultanate of Oman.
It was discovered in 1983 by Don Davidson, a geologist studying water
resources in the Sultanate. Davidson presumably died some ten years
later when he left Oman permanently and went hiking in the Andes. He
rented a car, drove it to a trailhead, left a note on it saying where he
was going, and was never seen again.
Access is through a hole in the ground with a rope. The inner height is
between 120 and 150 metres. The cave floor 300 by 200 metres. To give an
idea of scale, the Great pyramid of Giza of Egypt (the largest Eygptian
pyramid) would almost exactly fit inside the cave chamber; that is, its
base is approximately the area of the chamber floor, and its height is
also similar.
Waitomo Glowworm Cave (New Zealand): a glowworms' paradise
The Waitomo Glowworm Cave is a cave on the North Island of New Zealand,
known for its population of glowworms, Arachnocampa luminosa. These
glowworms spin a nest out of silk on the ceiling of the cave and then
hang down. Then, the larva glows to attract prey into its threads, so
that the roof of a cave is covered with larva can look remarkably like
the heavens at night. A hungry larva glows brighter than one which has
just eaten.
A silicon strand is lowered from the ceiling, alongside hundreds of
others. Beautiful though these threads are, they have a sinister
purpose. To trap its prey it [the cave glow worm] goes fishing with a
line of silk. That ghostly blue light is the result of a chemical
reaction taking place inside a special capsule in its tail... Insects
seem irresistibly drawn towards the source and then get trapped by the
sticky lines. Once stuck, there is no escape. Now it's just a matter of
reeling in the line and slowly consuming the catch - alive. By ensnaring
the insects that hatch in this cave, these glow worms have solved the
biggest challenge that permanent cave dwellers face finding a regular
and reliable source of food.
Eisriesenwelt Ice Caves (Austria): largest Ice Caves known to man
There are many ice caves throughout the world, but the Eisriesenwelt Ice
Caves in Austria are some of the largest known to man. They are located
within the Tennengebirge Mountains near Salzburg and stretch for a
remarkable 40 kilometers. Only a portion of the labyrinth is open to
tourists but it's enough to get a taste of what the remaining network is
like: a truly mesmerizing palate of Mother Nature's handicraft.
Ice caves are very different from normal caves. They have a strange
feeling about them, as though they are not from this planet, and one has
just temporarily stepped into their world when spelunking their depths.
Cave of the Ghost (Venezuela): so vast that two helicopters can comfortably fly into it
"Cueva del Fantasma" — Spanish for "Cave of the Ghost" — is so vast that
two helicopters can comfortably fly into it and land next to a towering
waterfall. A waterfall coming down one wall forms a small pond at the
floor. When it was recently discovered, researchers also discovered a
new dendrobatid frog species, Colostethus breweri, named for the frog's
identifier, Charles Brewer-Carías.
Fantastic Cave Pit (USA): deepest known cave pit in the continental US
Fantastic Pit is 586' deep, which is the deepest known cave pit in the
continental United States. This pit is big enough to hold the Washington
Monument (555'). It is a truly fantastic rappel, it takes almost 8
seconds for a rock to hit the bottom.
Dongzhong Cave (China): a primary school
Not actually a fascinating cave in itself, until you consider dozens of
children attend everyday to the school on it! The Dongzhong (literally
meaning "in cave") is a primary school at a Miao village in Ziyun
county, southwest China's Guizhou province. The school is built in a
huge, aircraft hangar-sized natural cave, carved out of a mountain over
thousands of years by wind, water and seismic shifts.
